Hacks of Electronics
A surge protector is an electronic protection device designed to safeguard electrical and electronic equipment from voltage surges (transient overvoltage). A voltage surge is a sudden and short-duration spike in voltage that exceeds the normal operating voltage of a system. These surges may last from a few nanoseconds to milliseconds but can reach several kilovolts […]
Understanding the difference between Surge Protection and Over Voltage Protection is essential for designing robust electronic systems, selecting the right protective components, and complying with safety and EMC standards. Modern electronic and electrical systems are increasingly sensitive to abnormal voltage conditions. With the widespread use of microcontrollers, SMPS power supplies, communication modules, and semiconductor devices, […]
Electromechanical relay (EMR) is one of the oldest and still most widely used switching devices in electronics and electrical engineering. A relay is an electromechanical switching component that uses an electromagnet to mechanically operate a set of contacts. In simple words, a relay uses a small control signal (low power side) to switch large loads […]
A Solid-State Relay (SSR) is an electronic switching device that performs the same function as an electromechanical relay (EMR) but without any moving parts. Instead of mechanical contacts, it uses semiconductor devices such as thyristors, Triacs, MOSFETs, or transistors to switch electrical loads ON or OFF. Because there are no moving parts, SSRs offer longer […]
In modern electronics, signal isolation between different parts of a circuit is crucial for protection, noise reduction, and system stability. Optocouplers, also known as optoisolators, play a vital role in achieving this electrical isolation while allowing signal transmission. This article provides a thorough exploration of optocouplers (Optoisolator / Photocoupler), including their construction, working principles, advantages, […]
In this guide, we will dive deep into BMS circuit diagram for 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S Li-ion battery configurations, providing detailed explanations of its components and functionality. Lithium-ion batteries are indispensable in modern technology, powering everything from portable electronics to electric vehicles. However, their sensitive nature requires precise charging and discharging management to ensure […]