This article is on MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor), covering the difference between D-MOSFET and E-MOSFETs with construction, working, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. MOSFETs are the most common types of Field Effect Transistors (FETs) in Modern electronics. It functions as a voltage-controlled device and delivers high input impedance along with fast switching speed. MOSFETs are the […]
A phototransistor is a semiconductor device that combines the properties of a photodiode and a transistor. It is sensitive to light and provides amplified electrical output based on the light intensity incident on its base region. Phototransistors play a vital role in optoelectronic applications such as light sensing, encoders, switches, and signal transmission, owing to […]
Constant Current Diode (CCD) (also known as Current Regulator Diodes, or simply CRDs) are unique semiconductor devices designed to maintain a constant current over a wide range of voltages. They are extremely useful in circuits where a stable and predictable current is crucial, regardless of voltage variations. In this article, we will cover the Symbol, […]
An Astable Multivibrator is an essential oscillator circuit in electronics, used to generate continuous square wave signals without any external triggering. It is called “astable” because it has no stable state — both transistors in the circuit keep switching ON and OFF alternately, producing a continuous flip-flop output. In this article, we will explore a […]
An H-bridge motor driver is a versatile circuit that allows a DC motor to rotate in both forward and reverse directions. It is widely used in robotics and motor control applications. This article outlines how to build an H-bridge motor driver circuit using IRFZ44N MOSFETs as the main switching elements, BC547 transistors for driving the […]
A sine wave generator is a circuit that produces a smooth and continuous sine wave output. One simple and widely used method for generating sine waves is by employing an RC Phase Shift Oscillator. In this article, we will discuss how to design a simple sine wave generator using an RC Phase Shift Oscillator with […]